Dihydromyricetin improves cardiac insufficiency by inhibiting HMGB1 in diabetic rats / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of dihydromyricetin (DHM) on cardiac insufficiency in diabetic rats and explore the underlying mechanism.@*METHOD@#Twenty-four male SD rats were randomized equally into normal control group, type 2 diabetes (T2DM) group fed on a high-glucose and high-fat diet for 6 weeks with low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) injection, metformin (MET) group with daily intragastric administration of MET (150 mg/kg) for 8 weeks after T2DM modeling, and dihydromyricetin (DHM) group with daily intragastric administration of DHM (250 mg/kg) for 8 weeks after modeling. The levels of fasting blood glucose, low density lipoprotein (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) of the rats were measured, and plasma levels of insulin and high mobility group protein-1 (HMGB1) were detected with ELISA. The cardiac function of the rats was assessed using color echocardiography, ECG was measured using a biological signal acquisition system, and myocardial pathology was observed with HE staining. The protein expressions of HMGB1, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 and phospho-NF-κB p65 (p-NF-κB p65) in the myocardial tissue were detected using Western blotting.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the control group, the rats in T2DM group showed significant anomalies in cardiac function after modeling with significantly increased plasma HMGB1 level and expressions of HMGB1, NF-κB p65 and p-NF-κB p65 proteins in the myocardial tissue (P < 0.05 or 0.01). Treatment with DHM significantly improved the indexes of cardiac function of the diabetic rats (P < 0.05 or 0.01), decreased plasma HMGB1 level and down-regulated the protein expressions of HMGB1 and p-NF-κB p65 in the myocardial tissue (P < 0.05 or 0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#DHM treatment can improve cardiac function in diabetic rats possibly by down-regulation of HMGB1 and phospho-NF-κB p65 expressions in the myocardium.

Laparoscopic radical cystectomy with ileal neobladder and rectum pouch: the initial experience of 28 cases in China / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>We presented the technique and outcomes of laparoscopic radical cystectomy performed in 28 patients with bladder cancer to evaluate its clinical efficacy and feasibility.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Among the 28 patients, aged from 58 to 73 years (mean 68.5 years), 26 were transitional cell carcinoma grads II - III and 2 squamous carcinoma. Laparoscopic radical cystectomy plus bladder reconstruction was performed in all cases, among them 15 with ileum, 10 with rectum pouch, and 3 with ureterostomy. The operating time, the blood loss, the intestine function and the complications were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All procedures were successful. The operating times were 7 - 10 hours, the blood loss was 400 - 1500 ml (mean 850 ml), the intestine function recovered at 72 hours after operation, and all ureteral catheters were removed at 2 weeks after surgery. The results of intravenous urography were normal at 3-month, 1-year, and 2-year follow-up after surgery.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Laparoscopic radical cystectomy for invasive bladder cancer is safe and efficient, with good operating field, reliable hemostasis, mini-invasion, less celiac complications, and rapid recovery. This surgery is worth being extended.</p>

Tree analysis pattern of mass spectral urine profiles in differential diagnosis of bladder transitional cell carcinoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develope a tree analysis pattern of mass spectral urine profiles to discriminate bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) from non-cancer lesions using surface-enhanced laser desorption and ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) technology.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Urine samples from 61 bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCCs) patients, 53 healthy volunteers and 42 patients with other urogenital diseases were analyzed using IMAC-Cu-3 ProteinChip. Proteomic spectra were generated by SELDI-TOF- MS. A preliminary "training" set of spectra derived from analysis of urine from 46 TCC patients, 32 patients with benign urogenital diseases (BUD), and 40 age-matched unaffected healthy men were used to train and develop a decision tree classification algorithm which identified a fine-protein mass pattern that discriminated cancers from non-cancers effectively. A blinded test set including 38 cases was used to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the classification system.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The algorithm identified a cluster pattern that, in the training set, segregated cancer from non-cancer with a sensitivity of 84.8% and specificity of 91.7%. The discriminatory pattern was correctly identified. A sensitivity of 93.3% and a specificity of 87% for the blinded test were obtained when compared the TCC versus non-cancers.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SELDI-TOF-MS technology is a rapid, convenient and high-throughput analyzing method. The urine tree analysis proteomic pattern as a screening tool is effective for differential diagnosis of bladder cancer. More detailed studies are needed to further evaluate the clinical value of this pattern.</p>

Extramammary Paget's disease of the scrotum: report of 79 cases / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinicopathologic feature and treatment result as well as prognosis of Paget's disease of the scrotum.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The data of 79 patients with Paget's disease of the scrotum confirmed pathologically from 1993 to 2004 were retrospectively analyzed. The median age of these patients was 62.3 years. The median duration of the disease was 3 years and 7 months. Locally extensive excision and intra-operative frozen section analysis of resection margin were performed in 78 patients. Inguinal and iliac radical lymphadenectomy was done in 7 patients with inguinal lymph node metastasis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Local recurrence developed in 9 patients, and 3 patients died of the disease during follow-up.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The prognosis of Paget's disease of the scrotum after surgical resection is good. To highly watch out for the disease, to perform histological examination and surgical resection as early as possible are keys to control it successfully.</p>

The porcine alpha1, 3 galactosyltransferase gene siRNA targeted heterozygous hepatocyte negative express GT / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study whether the porcine alpha1, 3 galactosyltransferase gene siRNA targeted heterozygous hepatocyte negatively expresses GT mRNA and resists to the cytotoxicity of nature antibody in human serum.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The porcine alpha1, 3 galactosyltransferase gene siRNA targeted vector (pPNTloxPGTsiRNA) were construct with pPNTloxPGT and pMXSV/U6 vector. Positive-negative selection was used to produce a heterozygous pPNTloxPGTsiRNA knockout (+/-) clone. The GT mRNA expressions were detected with northern blot. Complement-mediated NAb cytotoxicity after incubation of hepatocytes with NAbs and complement was determined using 3- (4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium(MTS, tetrazolium salt) colorimetric assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The pPNTloxPGTsiRNA targeted porcine hepatocyte (+/-) negative express GT mRNA. Only 14% to 18% cytotoxicity can be detected at the highest serum concentration. The pPNTloxPGT targeted porcine hepatocyte (+/-) express GT mRNA just as the wild type porcine cells and the cytotoxicity are 77% to 83%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The porcine a1, 3 galactosyltransferase gene siRNA targeted heterozygous hepatocyte (+/-) negative express GT and resisted to nature antibody in human serum.</p>

Inhibitory effect of recombinant transforming growth factor alpha-pseudomonas exotoxin 40 on human bladder cancer cell proliferation / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study inhibitory effect of recombinant transforming growth factor alpha-Pseudomonas exotoxin fusion protein (TP40) on proliferation of the human bladder cancer T24 cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in cultured T24 cells was analyzed with Western blot assay. Human bladder cancer T24 cells were exposed to TP40 at 5 - 1 000 microg/L. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay was applied to evaluate the cell proliferation by measuring the absorbance (A) at 570 nm with a microplate reader. Tritium labeled thymine deoxyriboside ([(3)H]-TdR) uptake was measured to observe DNA synthesis. Competition assays were performed by the EGF at 1 - 7 500 microg/L.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Expression of EGFR was high in human bladder cancer T24 cells. Cell growth was suppressed by 10%, 19%, 27%, 41%, 47%, 53% and 61% after 96 h treatment with TP40 at 5, 50, 100, 250, 500, 750 and 1 000 microg/L, respectively. [(3)H]-TdR incorporation was 80%, 69%, 48% and 51% after 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 96 h treatment with TP40 at 750 microg/L, respectively. When the concentration was 1 - 7 500 microg/L, EGF could block the inhibitory effect of TP40 to some extent.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Human bladder cancer T24 cells express EGFR at a high level. TP40 could inhibit the growth of T24 cells effectively in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The cytotoxic effects of TP40 were specifically mediated by EGFR.</p>

Gene expression profiles and effects of transforming growth factor-beta1 intervention in Peyronie's disease / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To demonstrate molecular insight into the pathology of Peyronie's disease (PD). A preliminary profile of differential gene expression between the PD plaque and control tunica albuginea was obtained with DNA microarrays. Also, to investigate the effect of intervention in PD cells, transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) was recruited to treat PD cell lines.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Three PD plaques and control tunica albugineas were constructed and studied. cDNA probes were prepared from RNA isolated from those cells and hybridized with the Clontech Atlas 3.6 Array. Relative changes of greater than 2.0 defined up-regulation and down-regulation, respectively. The expression of selected individual gene MCP-1 and the effect of TGF-beta1 on MCP-1 were analyzed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Some up-regulated genes in the PD plaque detected by the Clontech assay were screened, one of them was monocyte chemotactic protein. One involved the pathogenesis of PD as a downstream gene and responded to the TGF-beta1 treatment but not CTGF. The results were also confirmed by TR-PCR in all the types of cell.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The cell lines from plaque tissue and normal tunica from men with PD were successfully established. The findings indicate a potential role for MCP-1 over expression in the pathogenesis of PD as a downstream gene regulated by some genes and could be a new therapeutic target in PD. The information may allow a better understanding of the basic mechanisms involved in the etiology and pathogenesis of PD. Furthermore, it may permit some strategies of therapeutic interventions combine routine methods with Chinese herbal medicine.</p>

The significance of platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor mRNA expression in superficial bladder cancer / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the mRNA expression of platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor (PD-ECGF) in superficial bladder cancer and its significance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>PD-ECGF mRNA expressions were determined by RT-PCR in 28 cases of superficial bladder cancers and 6 cases of normal bladder mucosa. The relation between PD-ECGF mRNA expression and tumor invasion to lamina propria or recurrence after transurethral resection was also analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Some degree of PD-ECGF mRNA expression was present in all the samples. The PD-ECGF mRNA level was 3.1-fold higher in pT(1) tumors than in normal bladder mucosa (t = 2.13, P < 0.05) and 2.2-fold higher in pT(1) tumors than in pT(a) tumors (t = 2.66, P < 0.05); G(3) tumors expressed 3.3-fold higher PD-ECGF mRNA than normal bladder mucosa (t = 2.44, P < 0.05) and 2.5-fold higher than G(1 - 2) tumors (t = 3.36, P < 0.01). Eleven cases recurred during the mean follow-up period of 18 months. Three-fold higher PD-ECGF mRNA expression was showed in cases who recurred after transurethral resection than that in cases who did not recur (t = 4.49, P < 0.01). The specificity and sensitivity of predicting tumor recurrence were 82.4% and 81.8% respectively using 0.095 as a cutoff value of PD-ECGF mRNA level in this group of superficial bladder cancer.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PD-ECGF mRNA expression correlates with tumor dedifferentiation and plays an important role in the early invasion in superficial bladder cancer. To analyze the PD-ECGF mRNA level contributes to the evaluations of tumor differentiation and invasion to lamina propria as well as recurrence prediction in superficial bladder cancer.</p>

The mRNA expression of platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor of bladder transitional cell carcinoma and its relation to invasiveness / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between mRNA expression of platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor (PD-ECGF) and invasion of bladder transitional cell carcinoma (BTCC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The mRNA expression of PD-ECGF in BTCC was detected by RT-PCR. The target PCR bands were analyzed by NIH Image 1.62 software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mRNA level of PD-ECGF in BTCC was 3.86 times as high as that of normal bladder mucosa (t = 2.36, P < 0.05). The expression level of stage Ta, T1 and T2-4 tumor was 1.33, 4.02 and 7.59 times as high as that of normal bladder mucosa, respectively. That of Grade 3 tumor was 2.27 times as high as that of Grade 1 - 2 tumor (t = 3.52, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The mRNA expression of PD-ECGF was positively correlated with the invasiveness and grade of BTCC. The results suggest that the mRNA level of PD-ECGF might be used as an indicator of tumor progression and a guide for clinical treatment of bladder transitional cell carcinoma.</p>

Adolescent varicocele / 中华男科学杂志

The incidence of varicocele in older adolescence varies from 12.4% to 17.8% with an average of 14.7%, similar to the incidence in adult males. Varicocele is associated with testicular growth arrest in adolescents. Varicocelectomy can reverse the testicular growth arrest. But without the testicular growth arrest, prophylactic surgery for every adolescent with varicocele is not advised. Surgery treatment should be offered to: 1. adolescents with testicular growth arrest more than 2 ml of difference between left and right testicle, 2. adolescents with abnormal semen analysis with high-grade varicocele, 3. adolescents with symptoms: pain, heaviness, swelling, 4. adolescents with bilateral varicoceles. Recurrence of the varicocele after surgery treatment can occur in 9% to 16% of adolescents. But rate of recurrence can be kept below 2% in adolescents treated by high retroperitoneal ligation with testicular artery ligation.

Intravesical instillation of sodium hyaluronate for the treatment of refractory non-bacterial cystitis:a multicenter study / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravesical instillation of sodium hya- luronate in relieving the symptoms of refractory non-bacterial cystitis.Methods Totally,20 patients(1 man and 19 women;mean age,47 years;age range,22-68 years)with refractory non-bacterial cystitis were included.Their disease course ranged from 1 month to 30 years.Of them,16 patients had the disease for more than 1 year.Instillation of sodium hyaluronate(50 ml solution of 40 mg HA)was performed intravesically in them for a total of 12 weeks(once a week for the first 4 weeks and once every 4 weeks for the succeeding 8 weeks).Follow-up visit ended at 16 weeks,when the patients filled in the symptom assessment scores(VAS on pain,frequency and urgency)according to the subjective evaluation.Therapeutic results were classified as(1)total response:symptom disappearance or relief by at least 90% of the symptom scores;(2)partial response:symptom relief by 50%-89%;(3)mild response:symptom relief by 49% or less;(4)no re- sponse:no improvement in symptom scores.Results Nineteen patients completed the 16-week follow-up with only 1 withdrawing.The average general symptom score decreased from 22.32?5.53 to 9.47?5.88 (P＜0.001);frequency score from 8.21?1.75 to 3.89v2.31(P＜0.001);urgency score from 7.47?2.14 to 3.37?2.14(P＜0.001);pain score from 6.63?3.47 to 2.21?2.74(P＜0.001).After 16 weeks,overall positive response rate(total+partial response)was 53%(10/19).No serious adverse effect occurred except for urethral irritation(25%,5/20),worsening of distending pain of the bladder(5%,1/20) and vertigo(15%,3/20)caused by the procedure itself.Conclusions For patients suffering from refrac- tory non-bacterial cystitis,intravesical instillations of sodium hyaluronate can significantly relieve the symp- toms and is safe and of good patient compliance.